French Expressions Using the Word Quelque

French Expressions Using the Word Quelque The French word quelque actually implies a few and is likewise utilized in numerous informal articulations. Figure out how to state in a short time, to some degree, in a word, and more with this rundown of articulations with quelque. A few Jai quelques idà ©esI have some ideas.Jai quelque envie...I have some craving, I sort of need... About il y a quelque 10 ansabout 10 years agoquelque 5 000 voituresabout 5,000 vehicles Different Expressions quelque picked (pronoun)somethingquelquefois (adverb)sometimesquelque part (adverb)somewherequelquun (pronoun)someonequelques-uns, quelques-unes (pronoun)some, a couple of quelque distancesome separation fromen quelque sorteas it were, in a manner of speaking, in a word, in a wayet quelquesand change, somewhat more thanCà ©tait 5 euros et quelquesIt was 5 euros and change.quelque autre thing, quelques autres plural nounsome otherY a-t-il quelque autre restaurant ?Is there some other restaurant?Jai quelques autres idà ©esI have some other ideasquelque picked de adjsomethingquelque picked dintã ©ressantsomething interestingquelque peusomewhat, rather, a bitquelque... quewhatever, whichever quelque prix que...At whatever value that...quelque tempssome timeattendre quelque tempsto hold up a little whiledans quelque tempsbefore longdepuis quelque tempsfor some time

Top Ways to Get Your Dream Job If You Lack Qualification

Top Ways to Get Your Dream Job If You Lack Qualification Approaches to Land Your Dream Job when You Do Not Have Enough Qualification What separates the fantasy work from a conventional activity? Common employment is the one that you just get cash from and dream work is something that you truly like doing and notwithstanding delight it likewise brings you salary. More often than not, so as to land the position of you17r dreams, you have to have some phenomenal aptitudes that separate you from others. Dream work is the thing that challenges us, gives us an exceptional chance to develop and permits us to have a decent pay simultaneously. All the time, something can disrupt the general flow between the activity you had always wanted and you. Sometimes, its five years of professional training and in different cases it tends to be as basic as information on Power Point. Despite the fact that you can once in a while arrange work capabilities, businesses may at present accept you on the off chance that they accept that youre the best individual for this position. In this way, in the event that you waver to go after the po sition you had always wanted on the grounds that two or three visual cues in necessities are absent in your range of abilities, peruse and follow these best 5 hints and dont let your dread stop you: Plan Properly A main thing that you ought to do before a meeting is to explore the business and its top individuals. Study the site, items, public statements, web-based social networking channels and read about the business circle where organization is working. On the off chance that you show boss that youre proficient, they will see that you are a fast student, which would be a major in addition to. Dress As If You Already Have the Job In spite of the fact that you may not fit all the necessities, you shouldnt show even a hint of uncertainty. Be certain and let the business see that you are the individual they need. Clean yourself both inside by having the correct demeanor and remotely by wearing great garments. Show Your Excellence Alongside the extraordinary introductory letter, set up a reminder demonstrating that you comprehend the best difficulties that the positions youre applying for involves and how you intend to deal with them. Posting the thoughts of how you can profit the organization and assist them with developing their business is likewise a smart thought. Be Passionate, Confident and Honest These are the characteristics that recruiting supervisors are glancing in workers. Attempt to show energy, certainty and trustworthiness in equalization and you will doubtlessly establish a decent connection with your boss. Pose Clever Inquiries Pose inquiries that show the recruiting chief that you have gotten your work done and think about the organization and your planned position a ton. Tune in to recruiting directors answers obviously and dont waver to step up to the plate on the off chance that you feel that its vital. With enough certainty and quality, you can go after your fantasy position even without having 100% of required capabilities. Show your energy and the rest will follow.

The Importance of Self Care

The Importance of Self Care This week was spring break and it has been a welcome time to rest and relax for myself, and Im sure for thousands of other students as well. Because of this, I wanted to write about how important it is to practice self-care. As students, we are all deeply invested in and committed to our success academically and career-wise. It is normal to experience a moderate level of stress or to prioritize school over other things. However, letting these demands become too overwhelming for you or never taking a break can be harmful. Ive noticed that some of my friends, as we approach graduation, are experiencing stress but not making enough time for care for themselves. I think it is far too easy of a pattern of behavior to fall into. You tell yourself you will eventually make time for yourself but you just have to get through this exam/this paper/this project, and then you put it off to the weekend, or an upcoming break, and then you somehow never seem to get around to it. It may not happen right away, but eventually you will begin to notice a detrimental change in your mood. Your coursework might even begin to suffer because you find yourself falling behind due to the pressure you feel. One of the best pieces of advice I ever received was to give myself a present once a day. It can be anything: treating myself to a latte, an afternoon nap, a nice meandering walk around campus after classes, playing basketball at CRCE, reminding myself to eat healthier/greener choices, or just setting aside time to go do something with friends. It is important to continue to do the activities you enjoy or help you to relax, rather than burn yourself out from focusing all of your energies on your internship search and classes and forgetting about your needs. You have to be able to step back and relax once in a while in order to keep your mind sharp. Remembering to practice self-care regularly will help you feel better each day. You will find that the campus community and staff here are very supportive of students and care very much about our well-being and offer a variety of classes and services. You can find more information about campus well-being services here. Tony Class of 2019 I am a first-generation, non-traditional, transfer student studying Advertising in the College of Media. I grew up in Pleasant Hill, Illinois and spent nearly 10 years recording and touring all over North America as a professional musician.

The Presidential Election of 1800 - 857 Words

The Election of 1800 was notably to be of the most significant elections in American history of governmental evolvement. It marked once power struggle to a astonishing transfer of power from one party to another in national government; this transfer of power was also accomplished in a non-violent and organized fashion, which marked the evolving maturity of the nations first system of political parties . The election was a party contest for control of the national government and for determining the direction and management of national policy. This election was the first time both parties used congressional caucuses to nominate candidates for their ballots which was a never heard of occurrence in that day and age. This specific election also made second history in the first, as it was the first presidential election to be decided in the House of Representatives. The Democratic-Republicans representative was Thomas Jefferson, whom was at the time the Vice President of the states. Jefferson, who was born on April 13, 1743 in Goochland County, Virginia, died on July 4, 1826. The representative on the ballot for the Federalists was John Adams, whom was born on October 19, 1735 in Braintree, Massachusetts, and coincidentally died on July 4, 1826, which was the same death time of Jefferson. Aaron Burr whom was Jefferson’s running mate, and Adams running mate was Charles C. Pickney. Two extremely powerful political parties backed different candidates for president, this createdShow MoreRelatedThe Revolution of 1800 Essay1683 Words   |  7 PagesDuring the election of 1800, Thomas Jefferson succeeded in defeating the incumbent, John Adams, and assumed the presidency. In terms of elections though, the election of 1800 itself was a fascinating election in that it a heavily-contested election and was effectively the first time political partie s ran smear campaigns against each other during an election. The Republican Party attacked the Federalists for being anti-liberty and monarchist and tried to persuade the public that the Federalists wereRead MoreMagnificent Catastrophe Essay1061 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Critical Book Review #1 In the book â€Å"A Magnificent Catastrophe† the author, Edward J. Larson, writes about all of the little details that has occurred in the First Presidential Campaign in the 1800s. He begins his book with how the two parties, the Republicans (Jefferson) and Federalists (Adams), were going to compete in who will govern the United States now that it is a free country and no longer under Britain’s rule. Although they had at first been friends they soonRead MoreResolutions For Amending The Constitution On Election Of The President1263 Words   |  6 PagesConstitution on Election of the President, 1800. (Gilder Lehrman Collection) Nasty political mud-slinging. Campaign attacks and counterattacks. Personal insults. Outrageous newspaper invective. 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The election was a realigning election that ushered in a generation of Republican PartyRead MoreThe Electoral College Essay1646 Words   |  7 PagesElectoral College seems to be the topic in every conversation and the thesis to every essay. The uncontrollable desire to know the truth behind the mystery is stirring in the minds of the people in the United States of America. With the 2000 Elections underway sides are beginning to be taken among the people. Many oppose the Electoral College because of the fact that unknowing electors choose their leader and many support it because it was created b y the founding fathers. Both sides are arguableRead MoreDoes the Current Electoral Process Result in the best Candidate for President?1664 Words   |  7 Pagesin order to pick their presidential candidates. This method was the congressional caucus. The framer’s method in 1787 was that each elector would cast two electoral votes, each for a different person for president. The person who received the majority of the electoral votes would win the presidential election and the person who received the second most amount of electoral votes won the vice presidential election. However, the rise of political parties and the election of 1800 made a great change toRead MoreThe Word Posse Comitatus Sounds Like The Name Of A Made Up Secret Society1288 Words   |  6 Pagesof a rather well-known and powerful gang, if you will. And way back when (the 1800s to be exact) sheriffs and marshals in southern states needed all the help they could muster up. Law enforcement agencie s were once a shadow of what they are now. Back in ye olde Wild West, the only law enforcement was known as the gun-toting cowboy who had the honor of wearing the gold star. The point being that in the 1800s, when the marshal or sheriff was in need of assistance in enforcing laws, they

Eating Disorders And Anorexia Nervosa - 2705 Words

Introduction An eating disorder is characterized as an illness that causes serious interferences to your everyday diet, which includes eating extremely small portions of food or severely overeating (National Institute of Health , 2014). An individual with an eating disorder majority of the time begin eating smaller or larger amounts of food, but the urge to eat less or more can spiral out of control. Severe distress or concerns about weight and body image can also be characterize as an eating disorder (National Institute of Health , 2014). Eating disorders usually appear during teen years or young adulthood, but can also develop during childhood or later in life. Common eating disorders include anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Eating disorders are real, but however are treatable medical illnesses. Eating disorders coexist with other medical illness such as depression, substance abuse, or anxiety depression (National Institute of Health , 2014). There are other symptoms that are classified as life-threatening if an individual does not receive treatment. Individuals with anorexia nervosa are eighteen times more likely to die at an early age compared with individuals of similar age in the general population. Anorexia Nervosa Anorexia Nervosa is an eating disorder that’s characterized by: ï  ¶ Extreme Thinness (emaciation) ï  ¶ A relentless pursuit of thinness and unwillingness to maintain a normal or healthy weight ï  ¶ Intense fear of gaining weight ï  ¶ Distorted body image, aShow MoreRelatedEating Disorder : Anorexia Nervosa1622 Words   |  7 Pages Bulimia Nervosa To be diagnosed with eating disorder, someone must meet certain criteria. The criterion for diagnosis slightly varies depending on if you are referring to people who (A) fear gaining weight, and have significant weight loss,(B) eating a huge amount of food , then use laxative to remove the binged food, (C) the use of excessive exercise and fasting in order to remove or to reduce the amount of calories consumed, and (D) distorted body image, no matter how thin they become, theyRead MoreEating Disorder : Anorexia Nervosa1658 Words   |  7 Pagesbeen affected by this disorder. The specific disorder that is being referred to in this paper, an eating disorder, is Anorexia Nervosa, the restricting type. An eating disorder â€Å"involve[s] disordered eating behaviors and maladaptive ways of controlling body weight† (Nevid, Rathus, Greene, 2014, p. 335). Another well-known eating disorder is Bulimia Nervosa which is characterized by binging and purging (Nevid, Rathus, Greene, 2014, p. 338). Bulimia is different than anorexia since victims of bulimiaRead MoreEating Disorders And Anorexia Nervosa Essay1948 Words   |  8 Pagesnotion of an â€Å"ideal† body and eating disorders, there is no consensus as to the root cause of eating disorders. The general belief is that eating disorders result from one or more biological, behavioral, and social factors including genetics, unpleasant experiences/trauma, peer pressure, teasing, and family members with eating disorders, among others. There are numerous types of eating disorders. Both women and men are affected by eating disorders each day. Eating disorders can occur from an early ageRead MoreEating Disorders : Anorexia Nervosa1493 Words   |  6 PagesIllness Paper – Anorexia Nervosa February 28, 2016 According to the Mayo Clinic (2016), eating disorders are â€Å"conditions related to persistent eating behaviors that negatively impact your health, your emotions, and your ability to function in important areas of life.† One such eating disorder is anorexia nervosa. Not to be confused with anorexia, which is simply a general loss of appetite that can be attributed to many medical ailments, anorexia nervosa is a serious eating disorder and mental illnessRead MoreEating Disorders: Anorexia Nervosa1653 Words   |  7 PagesAnorexia Nervosa Anorexia Nervosa is one of several subtypes descending from feeding and eating disorders. It is a crippling life-threatening condition marked by a patient placing restriction on energy intake relative to needed energy requirements, resulting in a relentless pursuit of low body weight in the context of age, sex, development and physical health. According to American Psychiatric Publishing of diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5) â€Å"Anorexia Nervosa, often timesRead MoreEating Disorders And Anorexia Nervosa947 Words   |  4 PagesEating disorders such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder consist of emotions, attitudes, and behaviors surrounding weight and food issues. Up to 24 million people of all ages and genders suffer from an eating disorder in the U.S (ANAD, n.d.) bulimia nervosa as well as the other eating disorders are considered to be a female eating disorder, a disorder that only affects women which limits males to seek treatment let alone make aware to other that they suffer from bulimiaRead MoreEating Disorders : Anorexia Nervosa974 Words   |  4 PagesI have always been intrigued with eating disorders, particularly Anorexia Nervosa. When I was 18 years of age, my mother questioned whether or not I was Anorexic and she took me to the family practitioner, who then informed me that I was three pounds shy from being considered underweight. I knew I was thin, but I was really thin, but also really proud of my size. In an African American urban environment being thin was related to illness and drug abuse. I was often teased about how thin and fragileRead MoreEating Disorders : Anorexia Nervosa889 Words   |  4 PagesANAD Eating Disorder Statistics about thirty million people in America of all ages and genders suffer from one of the three main eating disorders. Many people suffer from more than one of the eating disorders. Only 1 in 10 individuals receive the treatment that is needed to recover(AND A). Often eating disorders are known to be triggered by outside factors in their life, but studies show that it is more likely to be a part of their genetics. According to Webster the definition of an â€Å"Eating Disorder†Read MoreAnorexia Nervosa- Eating Disorder1685 Words   |  7 PagesEffects of anorexia are mostly seen on the outside of the victim’s body, but do not be fooled. This detrimental eating disorder affects one’s mind just as much as it would the body. What Anorexia does to the mind is that it distorts the way one views their body. Victims of anorexia become fixated on their body image and overly critical about their flaws and weight. Even being obviously underweight, Anorexics will continuously deny that they have a problem and continue with their fatal practices.Read MoreEating Disorders : Anorexia Nervosa1462 Words   |  6 Pagessuffer from many illnesses, one in particular is eating disorders. There are many types of eating disorders, but there are three common ones that are known today, which are anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder. Eating disorders are not healthy, thi s type of disease can be very fatal and crucial to one s health   mentally, physically, and socially. The purpose of this report is to provide background information about eating disorders, strategies to prevent this illness from occurring

Detection Step Free Essays

string(95) " new edges representing parent’s relationships to children according to class diagrams3\." Detection step:gh4h This step speaks about the detection design pattern in structural method or approach.Speake about the roles that important to define a pattern The specific relationship that used to detect the pattern. The high tolerance in detection to archive the high recall because the high precision will archive using ML step How extract and calculate the metrices for roles detected for that two patterns have similar structure. We will write a custom essay sample on Detection Step or any similar topic only for you Order Now How decide the feature have appear in dataset depends of feature selection stepGive this dataset as input for classifier model created by learning step. The output will be classified roles for which pattern belongs.Specific things that recall less than 70% accuracy will taken as FP. Detection step (speak about detection the DP and their roles using highly tolerance design pattern detection approaches based in structure of design pattern and enhancing DPD tool to get all possible result might be DP. Extract selected metrics for this roles and give it to trained model to apply classification.Make comparing and performance and validation for models (FS vs notFS) (OP vs Not OP) (ensemble vs not for SVM, Ann, deep)? The comparative measure accuracy †¦. · Experiment and the result (I will use two pattern adapter and command to classification similar roles between those patterns , the accuracy will be model result accuracy and comparing the result with benchmark and previous studiesDetection step. The detection phase is divided into two steps: the structural detection design pattern roles step and roles distinguish step. The input in the first step will be the source code that we want to detect design pattern from, and the output is design pattern candidate roles, while the aim of our study distinguishes between patterns have a similarity of structural aspect the similar roles between two patterns will come out with the same name, the second step input is the candidate roles that are out of the first step and will be entered as input into learned classifier to classify roles according to which design pattern belongs. First step: structural detection Design pattern candidate is a group of classes, each class represents a role in design pattern and these classes connected together with a relationship according to the particular structure of design pattern. The similarities in design patterns occur due to the similarity of the structure of the corresponding patterns (the object-oriented relationship between these classes is same). This similarity leads to the problem of distinguishing between roles in similar structure design pattern that mean every role are corresponding to a role in another design pattern. Though identical in structure, the patterns are completely different in purpose In this step, the input will be the source code, and the output is a data-set that contains design pattern candidate roles associated with class metrics, as shown in figure?. To detect design pattern, we adjusted Tsantalis et al. work to produce similar roles in similar structural design patterns.for example, in state and strategy design patterns, there are two roles that influence the confusion of patterns (Strategy and State, Strategy_Context and State_Context ), the identical roles detected in this step will be under the same label(Strategy /State, Context). We have adapted a Tsantalis et al. approach to detect candidate by extending the definition of a design pattern roles to identify a set of design pattern roles with more tolerance regardless of the false positive and false negative results are permissible in this step that will be covered in next step using learned classifier model. next, software metrics for each design pattern roles produced are calculated and based on the feature selection step in learning phase meticas were selected to present them as features in a dataset, then the dataset normalized to prepare for next step. Second step: distinguishes between patterns have a similarity of structural.In this step, each design pattern role produced in the previous step is given to each design pattern classifier learned in the learning phase in order to determine which design pattern the design pattern role belong to, that the classifier is expert on. each similar structural design pattern roles are classified by a separate classifier with different subsets of features selected by feature selection method to best represent each one of them. Then, each classifier states its opinion with a confidence value. Finally, if the confidence value of the candidate combination of classes is located in the con- fidence range of that design pattern, then, the combination is a design pattern, otherwise it is not.4.——————————A. Chihada et al.Design pattern detection phase The input of this phase is a given source code and the output is design pattern instances existing in the given source code. To per-form this phase, the proposed method uses the classifiers learned in the previous phase to detect what groups of classes of the given source code are design pattern instances. This phase is divided into two steps, preprocessing and detection.3.2.1. Preprocessing In this section, we try to partition a given system source code into suitable chunks as candidate design pattern instances. Tsanalis et al. [7] presented a method for partitioning a given source code based on inheritance hierarchies, so each partition has at most one or two inheritance hierarchy. This method has a problem when some design pattern instances involving characteristics that extend beyond the subsystem boundaries (such as chains of delegations) cannot be detected. Furthermore, in a number of design patterns, some roles might be taken by classes that do not belong to any inheritance hierarchy (e.g., Context role in the State/Strategy design patterns [1]). In order to improve the limitations of the method presented in[7], we propose a new procedure that candidates each combination of b classes as a design pattern instance, where b is the number of roles of the desired design pattern. Algorithm 1 gives the pseudocode for the proposed preprocessing procedure. Algorithm 1.   The proposed preprocessing procedureInput: Source code class diagrams Output: Candidate design pattern instances1. Transform given source code class diagrams to a graph G2. Enrich G by adding new edges representing parent’s relationships to children according to class diagrams3. You read "Detection Step" in category "Papers" Search all connected subgraphs with b number of vertices from G as candidate design pattern instances4. Filter candidate design pattern instances that haven’t any abstract classes or interfaces 3.2.2. Design pattern detectionIn this step, each candidate combination of classes produced in the preprocessing step is given to each design pattern classifier learned in Phase I of the proposed method in order to identify whether the candidate combination of classes is related to the design pattern that the classifier is expert on. Then, each classifier states its opinion with a confidence value. Finally, if the confidence value of the candidate combination of classes is located in the confidence range of that design pattern, then, the combination is a design pattern, otherwise it is not.Phase One (Intra-Class Level)The primary goal of phase one is to reduce the searchspace by identifying a set of candidate classes for every rolein each DP, or in other words, removing all classes that aredefinitely not playing a particular role. By doing so, phase oneshould also improve the accuracy of the overall recognitionsystem. However, these goals or benefits are highly dependenton how effective and accurate it is. Although some falsepositives are permissible in this phase, its benefits can becompromised if too many candidate classes are passed to phasetwo (e.g. _ 50% of the number of classes in the softwareunder analysis). On the other hand, if some true candidateclasses are misclassified (they become false negatives), thefinal recall of the overall recognition system will be affected.So, a reasonable compromise should be struck in phase oneand it should favour a high recall at the cost of a low precision.Phase Two (Inter-Class Level)In this phase, the core task of DP recognition is performedby examining all possible combinations of related roles’ candidates. Each DP is recognized by a separate classifier, whichtakes as input a feature vector representing the relationshipsbetween a pair of related candidate classes. Similarly, to rolesin phase one, different DPs have different subsets of featuresselected to best represent each one of them. Input featurevectors and model training are discussed in section V. The work that we present in this paper is built on the ideas of [11] where the author presents design pattern detection method based on similarity scoring algorithm.In the context of design pattern detection, the similarity scoring algorithm is used for calculating similarity score between a concrete design pattern and analyzed system. Let GA(system) and GB(pattern) be two directed graphs with NA and NB vertices. The similarity matrix Z isdefined as an NBÃâ€"NA matrix whose entry SIJ expresses how similar vertex J (in GA) is to vertex I (in GB) and is called similarity score between two vertices (I and J). Similarity matrix Z is computed in iterative way: 0In [11] authors define a set of matrices for describing specific (pattern and software system) features (for example associations, generalizations, abstract classes). For each feature, a concrete matrix is created for pattern and for software system, too (for example association matrix, generalization matrix, abstract classes matrix). This processleads to a number of similarity matrices of size NBÃâ€"NA (one for each described feature). To obtain overall picture for the similarity between the pattern and the system, similarity information is exploited from all matrices.In the process of creating final similarity matrix, different features are equivalent. To preserve the validity of the results, any similarity score must be bounded within therange ?0, 1?. Higher similarity score means higher possibility of design pattern instance. Therefore, individual matrices are initially summed and the resulting matrix is normalized by dividing the elements of column i (corresponding to similarity scores between all system classes and pattern role i) by the number of matrices (ki) in which the given role is involved. Tsantalis et al. in [6] introduced an approach to design pattern identification based on algorithm for calculating similarity between vertices in two graphs. System model and patterns are represented as the matrices reflecting model attributes like generalizations, associations, abstract classes, abstract method invocations, object creations etc. Similarity algorithm is not matrix type dependant, thus other matrices could be added as needed. Mentioned advantagesof matrix representation are 1) easy manipulation with the data and 2) higher readability by computer researchers. Every matrix type is created for model and pattern and similarity of this pair of matrices is calculated. This process repeats for every matrix type and all similarity scores are summed and normalized. For calculating similarity between matrices authors used equation proposed in [8]. Authors minimized the number of the matrix types because some attributes are quite common in system models, which leads to increased number of false positives. Our main concern is the adaptation of selected methods by extending their searching capabilities for design smell detection. Most anti-patterns haveadditional structural features, thus more model attributes need to be compared. We have chosen several smells attributes different from design patterns features which cannot be detected by original methods. Smell characteristics (e.g., what is many methods and attributes) need to be defined. On the other hand, some design patterns characteristics are also usable for flaw detection. Structural features included in both extended methods are: associations (with cardinality) generalizations class abstraction (whether a class is concrete, abstract or interface). 5.2 Pattern Definition Process rasoolPattern definitions are created from selection of appropriate feature types which are used by the recognition process to detect pattern instances from the source code. Precision and recall of pattern recognition approach is dependent on the accuracy and the completeness of pattern definitions, which are used to recognize the variants of different design patterns. The approach follows the list of activites to create pattern definitions. The definition process takes pattern structure or specification and identifies the majorelement playing key role in a pattern structure. A major element in each pattern is any class/interface that play central role in pattern structure and it is easy to access other elements through major element due to its connections. For example, in case of Adapter pattern, adapter class plays the role of major element. With identification of major element, the process defines feature in a pattern definition. The process iteratively identifies relevant feature types for each pattern definition. We illustrate the process of creating pattern definitions by activity diagram shown in Figure 5.3. The activity ?define feature for pattern definition? further follows the criteria for defining feature type for pattern definition. It searches the feature type in the feature type list and if the desired feature is available in the list, it selects the feature type and specifies its parameters. If the catalogue do not have desired feature in the list, the process defines new feature types for the pattern definition. The process is iterated until the pattern definition is created which can match different variants of a design pattern. The definition of feature type checks the existence of a certain feature and returns the elements that play role in the searched feature. The pattern definitions are composed from organized set of feature types by identifyingcentral roles using structural elements. The pattern definition process reduces recognition queries starting definition with the object playing pivotal role in the pattern structure. The definition process filters the matching instances when any single feature type does not match desired role. The definition of Singlton used for pattern recogniton is given below in Figure 5.2. Pattern Definition The pattern definition creation process is repeatable that user can select a single featuretype in different pattern definitions. It is customizable in the sense that user can add/remove and modify pattern definitions, which are based on SQL queries, regular expressions, source code parsers to match structural and implementation variants of different patterns. The approach used more than 40 feature types to define all the GoF patterns with different alternatives. The catalogue of pattern definitions can be extended by adding new feature types to match patterns beyond the GoF definitions.Examples of Pattern DefinitionsWe used pattern creation process to define static, dynamic and semantic features of patterns. It is clarified with examples that how features of a pattern are reused for other patterns. We selected one pattern from each category of creational, structural and behavioral patterns and complete list of all GoF pattern definitions is given in Appendix B. We describe features of Adapter, Abstract factory method and Observer in the following subsections. 5.3.1To be able to work on design pattern instances we need a way to represent them in some kindof data structure. The model used by the Joiner specifies that a design pattern can be defined from the structural point of view using the roles it contains and the cardinality relationship between couple of roles. -We describe a design motif as a CSP: each role is represented as a variable and relationsamong roles are represented as constraints among the variables. Additional variables andconstraints may be added to improve the precision and recall of the identification process.Variables have identical domains: all the classes in the program in which to identify thedesign motif. For example, the identification of micro-architectures similar to the Compositedesign motif, shown in Fig. 3, translates into the constraint system: Variables:clientcomponentcompositeleafConstraints:association(client, component)inheritance(component, composite)inheritance(component, leaf)composition(composite, component)where the four constraints represent the association, inheritance, and composition relationssuggested by the Composite design motif. When applying this CSP to identifyoccurrences of Composite in JHOTDRAW (Gamma and Eggenschwiler 1998), the fourvariables client, component, composite, and leaf have identical domainsWe seek to improve the performance and the precision of the structural identificationprocess using quantitative values by associating numerical signatures with roles in designmotifs. With numerical signatures, we can reduce the search space in two ways:– We can assign to each variable a domain containing only those classes for which thenumerical signatures match the expected numerical signatures for the role.– We can add unary constraints to each variable to match the numerical signatures of theclasses in its domain with the numerical signature of the corresponding role. These two ways achieve the same result: they remove classes for which the numericalsignatures do not match the expected numerical signature from the domain of a variable,reducing the search space by reducing the domains of the variables.Numerical signatures characterise classes that play roles in design motifs. We identifyclasses playing roles in motifs using their internal attributes. We measure these internalattributes using the following families of metrics: How to cite Detection Step, Papers

Organizational Behavior and Human Performance Research Methods

Question: Discuss about the Organizational Behavior and Human Performance for Research Methods ? Answer: Introduction Leadership is the process of motivating people to work hard to deal with the major activities. As per Steve Jobs, leading is the major part of the process of management. It is able to interact with his vision to the essential employees and it inspires to deal with the vision. Management uses power to influence the staff members. The consideration of leadership theories are called as Great Man Theory, behavioral theory, transformation theory and transaction theory. These theories help to know and understand the vision with respect to the purpose. To understand motivation, the human nature might be simple and it is complex too. (Cunningham, 2007) Aims The research aimed to determine the approaches of leaders in terms of motivating his / her followers at work. The study aims to create the impact of leadership on employee motivation in an organization. Objectives The objectives of the research are as follows: To understand how leaders motivate its employees at work To understand the importance of motivation To evaluate the factors of motivation and the role of the leader to motivate its employees (Bryman Bell, 2007) Research method The methods that will be used for this research are questionnaires, interviews and structured as well as semi-structured observations etc. that helps to collect information accurately. It also increases the validity and quality of the qualitative methods of the research. This section will cover the methodology of the research and also it will analyze the sample size of the research. The various methods and analysis used for the research will be included in this section. There have been numerous researches based on the effect of employee motivation with the help of leadership. (Wei Lau, 2005) Research methods also involve the research on secondary methods of data from newsletters, magazines, websites etc. It also involves the research on secondary methods of data. Thus, the information used will be both qualitative as well as quantitative. (Kothari, 2004) The research will be applied in the MNCs selected in United Kingdom. The population will involve the multinational corporations in UK. With respect to the cost and time issues, the research will not able to involve the overall population. It will focus on Tesco and ASDA. There will have questionnaires for the leaders of the MNC to measure the styles of leadership etc. It will focus on the measurement of variables called as employee motivation. (Bernard, 2011) Data will be collected from 10 employees (leaders) to evaluate the overall motivation provided to the employees in the organization. Literature review Leadership is an art and science to motivate the people and to influence as well as empower them. There is an ability to develop the change and to create the goals. This could be done with an increase in the commitment through proper vision and influence. Leadership occurs at multiple levels and it is strongly known as an important understanding of leader focused theories. Leaders can be charismatic, transactional or transformational. Motivation is a psychological approach that transforms into strong focused behavior. As per the researchers, work motivation is called as the willingness of employees to provide the higher amount of efforts and energy towards goal fulfillment. (Woodward, et.al, 2006) As per Peter Drucker, leadership is the quality that helps to identify the work to meet the goals and to achieve greater outcomes. Leaders develop high level of priorities to meet the goals and employ human resources to fulfill their objectives. Work motivation creates high level of staff performance. A leader knows how to motivate and to encourage to perform the goals. There is a need to understand basic categories of leadership and it is important to define the likes and dislikes of the leader. A leader always examines the smart goals. (Van, 2001) The role of the leadership is determined in different books, essays and studies. Many styles of leadership included are called as transactional, transformational and charismatic. Leaders need to hire the right people for value creation and support related activities. Good leaders help their employees to perform well and in the world of competitive environment, employees need more knowledge and perform to meet the global issues in the market place. With respect to the involvement of job, it transforms innovative ideas and creates the fair judgment to motivate its employees. (Mittal, et.al, 2011) Job satisfaction is an important factor that influences with the variety of factors such as supervisor association, work environment, work place etc. Job satisfaction has huge impacts on performance. There are different parameters that helps to meet job satisfaction such as: Pay benefits: The major importance of equal reward is known to be the fair policies and practices of equitable pay provided by the leader. Promotion: The satisfaction level is based on the system acceptance in accordance with the job merits, outcomes etc. Work conditions: The support of the team and the leader with respect to the safe and comfortable work environment helps to generate work satisfaction. To motivate the employees in the organization, leader goes beyond management. Leaders involve in new change and initiatives depending on the authority, freedom etc. They show passion and focuses on effective communication with its employees. They strongly focuses on decision benefits and deals with major objectives. (Wang, 2009) The power of a leader is essential to motivate others. It creates number of sources such as: Personal power belongs to charismatic power. Legitimate power depends on the positions of the leader and expert power focuses on expertise that could be increased through training and education. Motivation leadership is done via right balance management with proper uses of power. In case of autocratic leadership, leader develops proper decision making skills and focuses on quick and easy decisions. Thus, they contribute in the approach of decision making skills. This way, it will increase the level of quality. In case of bureaucratic leadership, this leadership style is perfect for circumstances where proper standards are to be met. This style helps in maintaining their quality and increasing safety. Charismatic leader: This leadership style helps to understand the leader and to perform well, it influences people and visualize the mission as well as the vision to involve in the success. This creates extra ordinary performance. Democratic leadership examines to promote trust within the employees and the decision maker. It is useful in circumstances in the approach of decision making skills. This approach helps to involve proper decision making skills. It also increases the level of trust among the employees as well as the leader. (Payne Frow, 2005) Laissez faire leaders are the style used in circumstances where employees are skilled and focuses on sufficient knowledge to plan for decisions. They also provide opportunities and authority that could result in success of organizational goals and objectives. This way, leadership theories are essential in controlling, managing and executing the organizational strategies. It also is useful in different organizational strategies. This also helps to satisfy the needs of the employees. (Richard, et.al, 2007) Data analysis In this section, through the help of questionnaires, the interviews, there is an analysis on motivation focused by leader for employees in the organization. The analysis part will help to explain the questions through charts and diagrams. (Saunders, et.al, 2009) Questionnaire results Age group As per the research survey, the participants were from the age group 20-30, 30-40, 40-50 and above 50. Among the 10 participants, 40% were from the age group 40-50 years and 30% belong to the age group of 30-40 years age. Importance of motivation programs When the question asked is it important to motivate the employees then 60% agreed that yes, motivation increases the level of performance whereas 20% were strongly agreed and 20% were disagreed with the point. This question is asked to know the view points and ways of the leaders in the organization in Tesco and ASDA. But the results conveyed that the leaders try to satisfy its employees. Effective work environment As per the chosen leaders, 80% participants believes that they offer effective work environment such as friendly environment and attitude in the organization whereas 20% felt that they need to improve on their services to increase the level of employee motivation in Tesco and ASDA. Motivated toward work culture and practices For this question majority of the participants said employees feel motivated with the work culture and practices. For this question 80% of the Participant agreed that their employees are motivated with the work culture and its policies such as friendly culture, equality etc. are followed in the team. 15% of the customers disagreed and said that the employees are not satisfied with the work culture and there is a need to improve because of creating satisfaction and employee retention. 5% of the leaders said that they are not sure. As per the results, it is understood that majority of the participants said that employees are happy and satisfied with the work culture as well as practices. Equal opportunity When the question asked relating to equal opportunity, 80% of the participants said that they provide equal opportunity to employees and 20% of them said No. The people are positive said that they offer best possible opportunities so that employees can enhance their skills and learn and grow in Tesco as well as ASDA. When 20% leaders replied, they do not offer equal opportunity, they said that, employees never participate in the events and activities. They are not interested to take the opportunity. Therefore, it is important to offer them training and understand their areas of interest for better outcomes. With this result, it is understood that leaders mainly gives importance to the employees and maintains good relation with them as leaders feel that if the equal opportunities are offered to them, then it builds relationship and helps in developing the performance of the company. (Ashford and Cummings, 2013) Effective promotion schemes and benefits Through the help of the diagram, it is proved that 80% leaders were agreed that employees are getting effective promotion schemes and appraisal benefits. This way, they are trying to create the level of motivation among employees. 20% of the leaders were not agreed to the point that employees are getting effective schemes and benefits because of the fact that, employees do not show any kind of outputs. Thus, as per 20% respondents, there is a need to create some form of learning activity for them to motivate them for work happily. (Shen Edwards, 2004) Conclusion To conclude, it is evident that the research focused on the significant role of the leader to motivate the employees in the work place. The research focused on the tools and techniques to create better work performance of the employees. The work place is strongly favorable for the employees and the leaders create job satisfaction as well as brings motivation among the employees in the organization. This helps to increase the performance in the work place. It also increases job satisfaction and creates friendly environment in the organization known as Tesco and ASDA. Thus, the leaders felt that diversity and equal opportunities are favorable for employees in terms of job satisfaction and work performance in the organization. Based on the information, majority of respondents were satisfied in most of the cases but there were issues in some cases where leaders need to provide training and try to boost the morale and confidence of employees to participate in all kind of activities so that they could be able to perform better. (Schneier, et.al, 2007) There should have introduction of new bonus schemes, regular interactions, employee participation, career development and opportunities, better payment systems etc. to improve the skills and competencies that can generate high level of job satisfaction and work performance. Thus, the researcher carried the research with the help of chosen respondents from Tesco and ASDA UK. The findings presented in the paper helped to create the effective understanding on motivation, satisfaction and performance. References Ashford, S.J. and Cummings, L.L. (2013), Feedback as an individual resource: personnel strategies of creating in formation, Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, Vol. 32, pp. 370-98. Bernard, H.R. (2011) Research Methods in Anthropology 5thedition, AltaMira Press Bryman, A. and Bell, E. (2007). Business research methods (second edition). New York: Oxford. Cooper, D. R. Schindler, P. S. (2003). Business research methods. New York: McGrew-Hill Companies. Cunningham, I. (2007). Talent management: Making it real. Development and Learning in Organisations, 21(2), 4 6. Kothari, C. R. (2004). Research Methods: Methods and Techniques (2ndEd.), New Delhi: New Age International Publishers. Mittal, V., Katrichis and J.M., Kumar, P. (2011), Attribute performance and customer satisfaction over time: evidence from two flied studies, Journal of Service Marketing, Vol. 15, No. 5, pp. 343-56. Payne, A. and Frow, P. (2005), A strategic framework for customer relationship management, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 69, pp. 167-176. Richard, et.al. (2007), Total quality management and business excellence: An examination of customer relationship management technology adoption and its impact on business to business customer relationships. Vol. 18. No. 8 Saunders, M. Thronhill, A. and Lewis, P. (2009). Research Methods for Business Students. London, Pitman Publications Schneier, C. E., Beatty, R. W. and Baird, L.S, (2007). Performance Appraisal Sourcebook. Human Resources Development Press, Amberst. Shen, J., Edwards, V. (2004). Recruitment and selection in Chinese MNEs. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 15(4), 814 835. Van Dyk, P.S. (2001). Definition and scope of human resources management. In P.S. Nel, P.D. Gerber, P.S. Van Dyk, G.D. Haasbroek, Woodward, Nina and Saini, Debi, S. (2006). Diversity Management Issues in USA and India: Some Emerging Perspectives. In Pritam Singh, Jyotsna Bhatnagar, 57 and Asha Bhandarkers Future of Work: Mastering Change. New Delhi, India: Excel Books, pp.149-164. Wei, L. Q., Lau, C. M. (2005). Market Orientation, HRM Importance and Competency: Determinants of strategic HRM in Chinese firms. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 16 (10), 1901 1918. Wang, C. (2009). Cross-Cultural Management Brainstorm. Modern Economic Information, vol. 15,p. 1-2

Charles Manson Essays (2843 words) - Manson Family, Paul Watkins

Charles Manson Charles Manson is known as one of the most sinister and evil criminals of all time. He organized the murders that shocked the world and his name still strikes fear into American hearts. Mansons childhood, personality, and uncanny ability to control people led to the creation of a family-like cult and ultimately to the bloody murders of numerous innocent people. Charles M. Manson was born in Cincinnati, Ohio on November 11, 1934. His mother, Kathleen Maddox, was a teenage prostitute. Mansons father walked out on the still pregnant Maddox, never to be seen again. In order to give her bastard son a name, Ms. Maddox married William Manson. He soon abandoned the both of them. Mansons mother often neglected Charles after her husband left her. She tried to put him into a foster home, but the arrangements fell through. As a last resort she sent Charles to school in Terre Haute, Indiana. Mrs. Manson failed to make the payments for the school and once again Charles was sent back to his mothers abuse. At only fourteen, Manson left his mother and rented a room for himself. He supported himself with odd jobs and petty theft. His mother turned him into the juvenile authorities, who had him sent to Boys Town, a juvenile detention center, near Omaha, Nebraska. Charles spent a total of three days in Boys Town before running away. He was arrested in Peoria, Illinois for robbing a grocery store and was then sent to the Indiana Boys School in Plainfield, Indiana, where he ran away another eighteen times before he was caught and sent to the National Training School for Boys in Washington D.C. Manson never had a place to call home or a real family. He spent his childhood being sent from one place to another, and trouble always seemed to follow him. His mothers negligence left Manson without a home and without much of a future. Manson turned to crime to support himself, and he soon became very good at it. When just a child, he became a criminal and spent his last years of childhood in a correctional facility. After his release from the training school in 1954, a new period of Mansons life began. He went to West Virginia and soon married a girl named Rosalie Jean Willis. She became pregnant and Manson had a child. This was Mansons first real family, but he didnt stray from the criminal lifestyle. He started stealing cars to make the money necessary to support his new family. By the time the baby was born, Manson was in prison on Grand Theft Auto charges. In 1958 Charles was released from prison. His wife and child had left him, leaving Charles alone once again. Several arrests for car theft and pimping followed; in 1960 Charles was given ten years imprisonment for forging government checks. While he was serving his ten year sentence at McNeil Penitentiary, he studied philosophy, took up guitar, and taught himself sing and compose songs. His newfound musical skills would later attract followers. His study of philosophy helped create some of his outlandish ideas that later appealed to his would-be followers. Manson was released in March, 1967 after serving seven years. By the time Manson was thirty-two years old, he had spent seventeen years, more than half of his life, in prison. This long stretch of incarceration had left its mark. If Charlie has any roots, theyre in the penal system, 1 said one acquaintance. Inside, you have to be aware of everything, and when he came out, Charlie was like a cat. Nothing got by Charlie if something happened within a hundred miles of him, he made sure he knew about it. Everytime he came into a room, he cased it, like an animal. Where were the windows? What was the quickest way out? He never sat with his back to the door. Soon after his release, Manson traveled to Haight Ashbury, where the hippie movement was in full force. At this time, hippies were gentle people, believing in peace, love, and sharing with others. This was a perfect environment for Manson to gain followers. Mansons probation officer remembers he was shaken by the friendliness of the hippies, but before

Factors That Attract Tourist To Jamaica Tourism Essay Essay Example

Factors That Attract Tourist To Jamaica Tourism Essay Essay Example Factors That Attract Tourist To Jamaica Tourism Essay Essay Factors That Attract Tourist To Jamaica Tourism Essay Essay The research paper consist of two chapters, chapter one contains the study has chapter two contains the decision, my mentions, the appendix and the recommendation. There is a surface expression on why quality service is of import in the hospitally industry as oppose to service quality in other concerns. Included besides are in-depth accounts for the importance of service quality. The subject of community based touristry shortly approaches ; I have listed advantages and disadvantages, of CBT, after which a clear definition as given for all the pros and con listed. It is said that Jamaica attracts tourer because of the three S, sand Sun and sea these are non the lone factors that were named other factors ere besides included, each of these factors has a little drumhead explicating each factor clearly. : Discuss the importance of presenting quality services in the cordial reception industry and place differences ( if any ) between bringing in the cordial reception industry and service bringing in other concerns Quality in the touristry and cordial reception industry involves consistent bringing of merchandises and services as indicated by expected criterions. Delivering quality service is one of the many menaces that the cordial reception directors will be confronting in the approaching old ages as it is an of import status for success in the emanate acutely rival cordial reception industry. ( theories, 2006 ) There is no issue more ambitious for hotelkeepers than accomplishing consistence and quality across all factors of the invitee experience and acquiring employees to continually run into and transcend client outlooks. ( Larkin, 2009 ) Under-promise and over-deliver should be the mantra for every successful hotelkeeper, who should be painstaking and fervent about client demands. If you satisfy a client s demands, you are constructing the foundation to set up a relationship based on trust and trueness. All these factors jointly contribute to client trueness and keeping which are built-in for success in this industry. Always be unfastened to suggestions. Understand what your clients expect from you. Put a suggestion box in your hotel response, cafe , and air travel or touristry office so you can garner feedback from your clients. Further, do nt merely garner client recommendations, act upon them to demo that you truly care and desire their concern. It is indispensable to understand the importance of client service in cordial reception to do a positive difference to the concern by listening and larning. You may supply the best service, but if you are non fast enough you may lose an of import client and several other referrals. Always retrieve if make non give your client what he or she is looking for ; he will strike hard on other doors until person else will. Employees need to larn how to introduce to run into high outlooks and supply good service . The client should be your chief concern and services designed around them. The cordial reception industry prospers on handiness. If your client service is losing this indispensable ingredients, your concern will non last for a ; long period unless you bring about alterations that show your dedication to client satisfaction. The industry is spread outing and so is the competition. The necessity of client service in cordial reception stems from the pronouncement that the client needs to be treated with precedence and that he should see value in what is given. If a client believes he got value for his money he will maintain coming back if clients are dissatisfied with the service offered they will seek out other organisations.hotels and eating houses provide 1000000s of occupations for individuals worldwide. High quality client service requires that employees interact with invitees in a affable mode, their responsibilities must be performed with a smiling, when a invitee is satisfied with service he or she has received the company earns gross, new patronage and positive recommendations. The United St ates Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts that by 2018 the figure of occupations in the client service field will increase by 18 per centum. This reflects an increasing importance for quality client service which besides affects industry growing.lf visitants are given excess fringe benefits such as a free base on balls to the hotel watering place ; they are likely to see once more with the purpose of paying. Part of a hotel or eating houses star evaluation is client service. A alone facet of any service industry, to which touristry belongs, is the service bringing system. This term covers those facets of the operation which take topographic point at the clip that a client or client comes to the service point and requests a specific service. The bringing system is designed to supply the client with the needed assortment of services and with the minimal hold. A common characteristic of bringing systems is the client line or waiting line. A cardinal facet of any system is to command the length of waiting lines. There is non much of a difference between service bringing in the cordial reception industry and that of service bringing in other concerns ; the chief fact that must be noted is that the cordial reception industry is dependent on service bringing while other concerns non in the cordial reception sector are non. It is non new and it has become more of a necessity than pick if organisations want to hold a competitory border in the industry they need to present quality based patterns. . Professionals Community Based touristry enables tourers to detect local home grounds and wildlife and celebrate and respects traditional civilizations, rites and wisdom. The community will be cognizant of the commercial and societal value placed on their natural and cultural heritage through touristry and this will further community based preservation of resources. Community Based Tourism affords travellers with rare chances to see local communities firsthand. its distinctive in that it provides an alternate to development that s non sustainable, giving rural and hapless communities an extra beginning of income Residents earn income as land directors, enterpriser service and bring forth suppliers and employees. At least portion of the tourist income is set aside for merchandises hich provide benefits to the community as a whole. Many productive experiences in developing states prove that touristry can go a prima sector for the people who conserve natural resources and live on it. Provide land ownership by the local population Promotes productive sustainable patterns within its touristry offering Con .Lost Benefits-as the cost to fund community based touristry escalates it outweighs the benefits Poor Management, Marketing and Entrepreneur accomplishment Lack of community engagement and engagement Reliance on giver support In balance in board Representation Community Tourism is touristry in which local occupants ( frequently rural, hapless and economically marginalized ) invite tourer to see their communities with the proviso of nightlong adjustment. Community based touristry takes environmental, societal and cultural sustainability into history, it is managed and owned by the community with the intent of enabling visitants to increase their consciousness and larn about the community and local ways of life, this type of touristry provides alternate economic chances, which are indispensable in rural countries, it has the possible to make occupations and bring forth entrepreneurial chances fo people from a assortment of backgrounds, accomplishments and experience. ( Harris, 2003 ) . Community based development empowers people to be more cognizant of the value of their community assets, their cultural heritage, culinary art and life style, it mobilizes them to change over them into income bring forthing undertakings while offering a more d iverse and worthwhile experience to visitants. Every citizen is a possible concern spouse to be trained in little concern direction, environmental consciousness, merchandise development and selling, this type of people centered touristry promotes a sense of ownership which augurs good for the industry s sustainability. Community based Tourism is non merely a development tool for constructing touristry but for the full state. ( engineering, 2005 ) Factors THAT ATTRACT TOURIST TO JAMAICA BEACHES- the most popular beaches are found along the North Coast which stretches 150 stat mis from Negril to Port Antonio. Popular beaches include Cornwall Beach, Doctors Cove beach in Montego bay, seven mile beach in negril, hoarded wealth beach on the south seashore, merely to rname a few. The seven stat mi beach has aureate sand that is ideal for households but have some bare beach spots. ENTERTAINMENT- amount fest the universe s premier reggae show draws up to 15,000 fans each dark and seeing creative persons executing in the land where reggae was born. Small ocho seafood festival Epicurean RESORTS- these include sunset beach resort and watering place located in montego bay, sunset Jamaica grande resorts and watering place in ocho Rios and sunset at the thenar in Negril, all these resorts are budget friendly and household oriented CLIMATE- the island is blessed with a tropical Marine clime, it is blessed with northeasterly trade air currents that keep you from sweltering no affair what clip of twelvemonth ACCESSIBILITY- The cardinal location of Jamaica allows easy entree by air and sea to tourers from the North and south.It is non surprising that the Caribbean attracts approximately50 % of the international sail line drives to its shores. The Exchange Rate- the foreign exchange rates of caribbeam states provided added inducements for tourer SANITATION AND HEALTH-a healthy and good maintain environment influences tourer to come to finish Jamaica Heritage a rich historical yesteryear has left a bequest of garrisons, plantation houses, sugar Millss and artefacts which reflect the manner of life of past coevals ENVIRONMENTAL-the evergreen rain wood with a broad mix of vegetations and zoologies, supply a peaceable and tranquil atmosphere for hike, bird observation and field daies Decision Mother Nature has blessed Jamaica with a brilliant waterfalls and natural admirations, the garrisons of the base on balls are both museum and amusement pieces. In decision of this research the research worker realized that quality service bringing is more of import and even more necessary than service quality in any other signifier of concern. Jamaica has a figure of touristry merchandises in topographic point which are used to fulfill basic wants and demands of a tourer, these include all installations and comfortss either adult male made or natural. Community based touristry as stated in the research is fundamentally where local occupants invite tourer to see there community with proviso of nightlong adjustments. There are disadvantages and advantages found in community based touristry but the good outweighs the bad, with proper direction of the CBT, it will go on to endeavor for old ages to come. Jamaica is the Caribbean s premier holiday retreat ; it offers much diverseness for s o small. Destination Jamaica has been blessed with scenic beauty which we are determined to continue and protect. Recommendation Execution of Management squads who will make particular research concentrating on civilization, consciousness of benefits Appendix

Possible challenges and opportunities facing Argentina Research Paper

Possible challenges and opportunities facing Argentina - Research Paper Example For example, business people come together at an international level to brainstorm about business policies. Economic expansion is the increase in level of services and goods and increase in level of economic activities. Gross Domestic product (GDP) is used to measure level of economic expansion. GDP is the total value of goods and services produced within the country’s boarder. An increase in gross domestic product of a country implies that economy is expanding while decrease in GDP will imply decline in economy (Eitzen and Zinn 22). Challenges and Opportunities Facing Argentina One of the opportunities that exist in Argentina is the possibility of increased trade output. Though Argentina is facing a number of challenges, there exist an opportunity of a wider market that has opened up due to globalization. The country can now expand its production potential in various industries, especially, food processing sector to cater for the wider market. This will enable the country to improve its balance of trade, strengthen its domestic currency and improve its GDP. However, this opportunity gives rise to a challenge to the government in developing a sound economic strategy to create an environment for expansion of industries (Nayyar 94). The government can, however, take advantage of the greater access to knowledge and resource people to develop a sound strategy. Argentina has the opportunity to develop specialized skills among its population and utilize superior technology in its production. Globalization provides an opportunity for Argentina to access the latest technological improvement in the world. This provides it with the most effective methods of production. The producers are able to reduce the cost of production, apply specialization and improve the quality of the final product for both internal and external market. As a result the producers can hire more workers, and improve quality leading to better standards of living. The producers also face the ch allenge of high cost of acquiring external experts to impart skills to the citizens in the country. It is also a challenge to obtain the initial capital to obtain the superior equipment technology equipment due to high initial cost (Greenaway et al 51). Argentina can use globalization to obtain foreign investor to invest in the sectors identified as of key interest. This will enable the government to rip from the benefit of increased output and access of products in the country as well as training of the local citizens on technical knowledge. There exists an opportunity for government’s improvement of its transparency and accountability to its citizens. In the past Argentina has been faced with a challenge of rampant corruption within the government which has made growth and development in the country difficult task. Globalization has introduced external checks to the government operations pressuring the government to be accountable to its citizens. The government can therefo re not misuse its power over public resources (Greenaway et al 34). This leads to government acting in the interest of the citizens in all its dealings. As a result public properties are utilized to better the life of the citizens resulting into better pay, reduced poverty and improvement in the country. Globalisation and poverty go hand in hand especially in a country such as Argentina where we find that most peoples are farmers. Food processing industries are very important in Argentina economy since they employ most of the people in Argentina. The practices that occur in these industries play a key role in minimizing the level of poverty in the country (Eitzen and Zinn 43). In consideration of Argentina

Intercultural Communications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Intercultural Communications - Essay Example This also explains the communal nature of Chinese, their lives are relatively settled and this reliance on agriculture accounts for their attachment to the earth. Furthermore, the Chinese language is seen to adopt ancient characters that are names of natural botanical plants (Wu). Being Chinese is perceived as a cultural identity rather than a matter of race, implying that anyone of a different descent who abides by their cultural values and norms can be called Chinese. From an informal aspect, the Chinese refer to themselves as sons of Han, which is the majority ethnic population in the country. Overall, there are 56 ethnic groups but overtime the 55 have come to be assimilated to the Han group. Moreover, the Mandarin dialect identifiable with the Han and their administrative system has been made official by the Chinese government. This implies that all Chinese must familiarize themselves with these; however, there are legal systems in place that protect the minorities. Their existence is important to the overall Chinese population because of the territories they are found in, and the cultural relations they have with neighboring countries such as North Korea, Thailand and Kazakhstan. Therefore, the Chinese government must acknowledge their existence to avoi d any threats to their national security (â€Å"Chinese Cultural Studies†). Personally, I belong to the Bai ethnic community that originates from Southwest China particularly from Yunnan province. My ancestors occupied the Yunnan-Guizhou region that features many rivers including Nujiang and Lancang. Combined with the large tracts of land and dense forests, the river valleys present in this region provided for abundance in fruits and produce; in general a stunning landscape. Our ancestors clad in white sheepskin which resulted to our title Bai as it means white men while the language they

Masculinity In Hemingways In Our Time Literature Essay

Masculinity In Hemingways In Our Time Literature Essay Masculinity can be defined as the condition or quality of being masculine, in the past which is traditionally masculinity was considered to be the characteristic of a man or male. Ernest Hemingway has written so many books among them In Our Time which is a collection of many stories which focuses on this theme of masculinity. The book captures the great influence of war with the patterns of the acts of people before war, during the war, and also after the war from the beginning of this book to the very end of the book. It is highlighted that it is always important that the male persons in the society obtain their value of being masculine. It is described as though being masculine is a duty which must be kept at task, to be recaptured or proven at all times. This theme of masculinity is able to tie all the stories together in this book of Hemingway, making this theme of masculinity to be a major theme. In a short story titled Indian Camp, all the eyes of the characters are on one doctor rather than being on the Indian woman who was in labor. The male doctor takes over the role of child birth into his hands and he operates on the woman in labor. This male doctor does not give this woman any option of giving birth naturally, but he goes ahead to operate on her. This woman therefore gives birth successfully through a Caesarian section. We find the theme of masculinity well represented in this part of the story because this male doctor decided to operate on the woman although he did not have the required anesthetic to ease the pain that this woman was already experiencing. Afterwards after the baby was delivered successfully, we find the doctor, Uncle George and Nicks father celebrating the birth of the childà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.///////// The collection of the short stories by Hemingway in his book In Our Time, we find that it follows a character named Nick Adams. We start by finding him as a young boy during the Indian Camp and later we follow him into adulthood in the other two parts. We find Nick learning and developing the main facts of this life. Nick is shown to be a character that changes his lifestyle and behavior due to the effects of war in various levels. Though Hemingway does not mention the war, he uses these stories in order to express various emotions and effects caused by war. Nicks father wants Nick to learn more about life through the experiences that they go through together. For example when the Indian man finally commits suicide, the father to Nick does not want him to find out because he believed that any man who would commit suicide is not courageous enough to face life. Nicks father did not want Nick to learn such things. However, the father to Nick did not comment on this issue and this is a v ery strong sense of silent masculinity. Later in the book we find Nick opting to go out with his father rather than answering his own mother who was calling out for him. After the incident of suicide of the Indian man,, the behavior of Nick changes and he looks to his father for further explanation of what has happened in the suicide case and also comfort him. This incident scars Nick a lot not even like the father had thought and the fact that he had witnessed suicide was disturbing enough at Nicks young age and this would restrain the psychological development of Nick. Nick was almost sure that he would not die at the end of the story. From this we can conclude that though he had witnessed the death first hand, he still did not understand death fully. This is the first part of introduction to this theme of masculinity in the story and also how he is going to struggle with it throughout the story and his life. The father to Nick stormed into the typically known female situation of giving birth and he changed it to be male dominated area or environment. This is where starts appreciating the masculine life that he would lead other than femininity. The three of the Adams family live in their different worlds. We find the mother to Nick lying in a room, the blinds drawn, and she is surrounded by so many Christian Science books. The father to Nick is cleaning his gun intently rather than having any meaningful and important and meaningful conversations with his only wife who is Nicks mother. The father to Nick does not even want to answer any question that the wife would ask and asks and in case he is forced by circumstances to answer, he lies to her. This father to Nick assumes that the wife will not understand the reasoning that he had when he was arguing outside. This is a show case of masculinity in the family by Nicks father. The wife who is Nicks mother has religious demands for the husband to always avoid losing his temper and this tells us that she does not want her husband to be some stereotypical protective and aggressive male. The Christian science religion that Nicks mother totally believes in does not believe in the use of medicine, and this means that Nicks mother does not have any respect towards the work of her husband. Therefore we find Nicks father deciding to out hunting, to the environment where he could express his levels of masculinity. Nick also decides to follow his father into the hunting sprees, and this tells us that the young Nick has started showing interest in the male to male interaction. This means that the young Nick looks down on the male to female interaction especially with his mother. The masculinity that is very clear in this story can also be found at the end of the story when the young Nick is still calling out his father so that he could follow him around and learn more from him. The family of Adams comprising of the father, mother and Nick should interact more amongst themselves and this would help Nick to develop much more psychologically. Nick is still treated as a young kid and therefore he tends to act like one. The father should be able to teach the young man to become a responsible man. Nick is also taught to prefer the masculine life rather than the feminine life. Toughness is one of the characteristics of masculinity that Nick is taught by the father. There is also the strong believing that through the bull ring men or the male species are made. There is a male child in a bull-fighting vignette submits himself to the code of this ring and he is able to kill five times where he reaches his majority. This child had already made it into manhood and the crowd was overwhelmed and they threw and hollered things into the bull ring out of excitement. This is how seriously the quality of masculinity was valued in the community (Ernest 83). This also symbolizes masculinity because a man should make himself the master of his small arena; in the houses, hotels, camps, bull-rings, clearings and bedrooms. Such ritual ceremonies and arenas are very rich in importance and significance. The physical characteristics sanctions in the bull-ring and also the rituals carried out there are enough to show how masculinity is valued in most communities. The empty spaces should be made into ordered spaces which provide the necessary boundaries by which potentially chaotic action should become comprehensible structures. The small arena allows the men to show their mastery over all other creatures and also over themselves (Leo 230). The five stories about Nick Adams deal very keenly with familial, cultural and also gender conflicts which are central to the collection of Hemingway. We find that Nick is initiated into adult men world through death and blood. In the story titled The End of Something we find Nick and the reactions that he had towards relationships which would help us to bring out the theme of masculinity. When the story is coming to an end, we find Nick breaking up with his girlfriend named Marjorie. Nick says that he is bored with his life and therefore the two could not continue relating and staying together. Due to the past life of Nick, he was not ready to have relationships with women even when he was of age. Nick is also not ready to live the traditional life that Marjorie expects him to. This shows that masculinity on the part of Nick especially because he is not ready to change. Nick has not developed well and therefore he can not commit and communicate at the time that he should have known to communicate. They were trying to catch fish but it could not bite on the line and this signifies that Nick was trying to inform Marjorie that it was not yet time for commitment especially for him. Nick was not ready to marry and settle down and he was also not ready to give up on his masculine life. This shows his value for the masculinity. Nick also has an interaction with one of his friends named Bill in the story titled the three day blow. The two friends spend much time together but most of it was spent in drinking. At the same time Nick was still questioning the decision that he had made of breaking up with Marjorie. This story titled the three day blow represents a time in the life of Nick where only the most important things mattered and were necessary. For these two friends, Nick and Bill, the most significant and important thing that would remain was to be their masculinity and also their love of games and sports. In order for Nick to become the manly, tough man, he had to put away or throw away the emotions he had towards Marjorie completely out of his system. His friend Bill attempts to convince him that he had made the correct decision of not wanting to marry. However, this is the biggest struggle that Nick has of deciding if he wants to become a family man or a mans man. Nick is undergoing such hard times attempting to make this decision because of the power of masculinity. Nick has to decide on the type of person that he would want to become and also the decisions concerning whether life includes domesticity, love and marriage. The two friends Nick and Bill do not want to face their lives and make the decisions that they needed to because of the masculinity aspect in them and therefore they decide to be completely drunk with alcohol and then go out on hunting sprees. Nick however as we already know is running away from the responsibility of making chief decisions in his own life. Afterwards, Nick is taken to another place in his own rites of passage. This is in the story titled the battler. In the previous stories Nick is in his own hometown where he does not develop but in this case he has to develop. In this story we find Nick taking a long journey which is to signify the internal progress that he has made through the physical indication. It is a clear indication of Nick in a war. Nick is able to learn more about life from a beating that he receives from a man who was in the same train with him. This man meets a crazy boxer named Ad Francis who offers various lessons to Nick. This Ad Francis is a tough an d therefore Nick feels that he has to be tough like him. This kind of toughness is a part of masculinity which Nick is on the road to attain. The man named Ad Francis has been made crazy by a woman and therefore Nick is warned against getting very close to women who would make him to be dependent on them for money or also be crazy for love like this man. However, it was the decision of Nick on whether to take the ideas that he was being given of manliness. Towards the end of the book we find Nick again in the story titled Big two hearted river: part I where we find Nick returning home to the old fishing ground slightly after the war. Upon reaching home, Nick is introduced to all the issues that all men should face after they return from war. This is the time when he found his home abandoned and burnt. This is a similar feeling that the most veterans have to face after returning from the fighting battles. This is masculinity because most of these veterans are male and they never find their homes as they had left them. The homes are not as cheerful and innocent as they were before hand. Nick is also left all alone because th e people who had not gone to war could never understand what Nick was going through. This is a good exercise of masculinity because Nick can now take put up with the solitude. The second part of this story titled big two hearted river: part II is a light hearted story. We find Nick attempting to enjoy his life by camping and fishing. Nick now shows masculinity in all the dealings that he goes through. He is now tough, courageous and ready to take risks and responsibilities. Nick sets up a small camp and in this camp he keeps telling himself that it is a good place and a good camp (Ernest 147). Nick is also ready to be happy just by the fact that he is alive. Nick takes his last form of combat when he is able to fight with a huge fish. These battles however are not violent like the ones that he had been used to before in the wars. From this fight we can conclude that Nick and the big fish are the two hearts of this big river which makes the battle bring them close together other than much further apart. The two are unable to connect because they are both male. After all that Nick has gone through, he still did not allow women to get into his life. He still believed that there are successful unisons with the females in the masculine life. We therefore can conclude that Nick has not yet accepted the traditional ways of living and the way they work out. This is an achievement of the masculine self-reliance through sheltering himself from the rest of the world of human complication. Nick shuts out civilization from his life and even starts his own life in solitude and this is in an attempt to preserve masculinity. This book titled in our time especially in this story big two hearted river focuses on the aggressive fishing expeditions by Nick that pit these heroic male protagonists against the nature. Violence also that we find in this book are associated with the entire heroic male who are engaged in the bloody hunting expeditions. We however know and understand that violence is synonymous with masculinity. The women who attempt to engage in violence are finally termed as killers or worse even as destroyers of men.

Pride in Things Fall Apart, by Chinua Achebe :: essays research papers

In the novel Things Fall Apart, by Chinua Achebe, the main character, Okonkwo, has a lot of pride. There is a well-known aphorism, ?Pride goes before a fall.? Through Okonkwo?s hard work, he became a great man, with a sense of pride and haughtiness. He then suffered a loss of pride, which ultimately led to his down fall and even his suicide. So, through Okonkwo?s actions, Achebe suggests that excessive pride can lead to down fall. For my first point, I am going to start with a joke: ?One day there was an airplane flying Bill Clinton, Bill Gates, Bill (a kid), and Billy Gram. Something went wrong with the plane, and so it had to be abandoned. The pilot strapped on a parachute and said to the passengers, ?There are only four parachutes, and I am taking one.? Bill Clinton grabbed the second and said, ?I am the most important man, and my country needs me, so I am taking one, too.? Then, Bill Gates grabbed the third one and said, ?I am the smartest man in the world, and my people need me.? After Bill Gates left, Bill (the kid) was just looking at the last parachute, when Billy Gram said, ?I am old and you are young, and you have your whole life ahead of you, so take the last parachute.? After a little while, Bill looked up at Billy Gram and said, ?I was not thinking about that, it is just that the smartest man took my back pack.? As you saw from the joke and the book, both Okonkwo and Bill Gates were full of prejud ice pride. Both thought they were great men, and saw others as inferior compared to them. But their pride led to their destruction. Second, Okonkwo?s pride was greatly bruised while attending a great warrior?s funeral, named Ezeudu. It was when ?Darkness was around the corner? (page 124), when Okonkwo?s life took a sharp turn down hill. ?Guns fired the last salute and the cannon rent the sky. And then from the center of the delirious fury came a cry of agony and shouts of horror. It was as if a spell had been cast. All was silent. In the center of the crowd a boy lay in a pool of blood. It was the dead man?s sixteen-year-old son, who with his brothers and half-brothers had been dancing the traditional farewell to their father.

Role of Business Economic Development

Chapter – 1 Introduction Page 1. 1 Background03 1. 2 Financial economic sector04 1. 3 Microfinance04 1. 4 Economy of Bangladesh05 1. 5 Objectives of the term paper06 Chapter- 2 Conceptual issues 2. 1 The Garment Industry of Bangladesh 06 2. 2 Agriculture07 2. 3 Textile Sector08 2. 4 Manufacturing and Industry09 2. 5 Banking and Finance10 2. 6 Statistical Position of Economy in Bangladesh 10 Chapter-3 Database 3. 1 Economic Transformation11 3. 2 Economic performance12 Chapter 4 Finding of The Study Page 4. 1 Garments & Textiles 12 4. 2 Spinning 16 4. 3 Frozen Foods 18 . 4 Leather 19 4. 5 Electronics 20 4. 6 Agriculture 21 4. 7 Information Technology 24 4. 8 Pharmaceuticals 25 Chapter-5 Conclusion 5. 1 Summary of Major Findings 27 5. 2 Economic Performance 28 5. 3 Policy Recommendation 28 Chapter – 1 Introduction There is no denying the fact that the economical business sector plays a significant role in the economic development of a country. The importance of an efficien t economic sector lies in the fact that, it ensures domestic resources mobilization, generation of savings, and investments in productive sectors.In fact, it is the system by which a country’s most profitable and efficient projects are systematically and continuously directed to the most productive sources of future growth. The financial system not only transfers funds from savers to investors: it must be able to select projects which will yield the highest returns, accumulate sufficient quantities of capital to fund the range of investment projects across economic activities, account for price risks across assets, monitor performance, and enforce contracts.The larger the business sector in the context of the overall economy, the greater the share of lending by depository rather than central banks, and the greater the share of credit to private sector rather than public sector, the greater is the rate of economic growth. The country's economy is based on agriculture. Rice, ju te, tea, sugarcane, tobacco, and wheat are the major crops. Bangladesh is the world's largest producer of jute. Fishing is also an important economic activity, and beef, dairy products, and poultry are also produced. . 1-Background Bangladesh, since its independence in 1971, had to experience several military rules besides democratically elected government associated with major political assassinations. Regardless of all the aroused disputes, the country constantly pushed to achieve economic, social and developmental success through introduction and implementation of different policies during the ruling period of different elected governments as well as at the time when the country was declared to be under the emergency rule.Bangladesh, named in the list of the developing nations, is blessed with several natural advantages over developed countries. Examples of such are huge reserves of oil, natural gas, coal, timber and the only natural port of the world that connects SAARC and ASEA N business hub together. The utilization of such natural assets are closed to zero. Foreign donors are granting financial aids for reformation and infrastructure development of the country. Loans are being taken on heavy interest, by GOB, from World Bank and Asian Development Bank for developmental purposes. 1. -Financial economic sector The financial sector consists of the central bank, Bangladesh Bank, 4 state owned commercial banks, 5 government-owned specialized (development) banks, 30 domestic private commercial banks, 9 foreign-owned commercial banks, and 29 NBFIs. In terms of both industry assets and deposits, private commercial banks command the greatest market share. Additionally, 298 micro credit organizations are licensed by the Micro credit Regulatory Authority (MRA). Insurance companies, stock exchanges, and cooperative banks comprise a smaller part of the financial system.As of August 2008 the net domestic assets of the country’s banking system were valued at BD T 1. 9 trillion ($28 billion). 1. 3- Microfinance The average annual growth rate in the microfinance sector in Bangladesh over the five years 2003–2008 was 23 percent. It is expected to reach 25 percent annually over the next three years (2009–2012) as a result of growing demand for larger loan sizes. Despite its significant outreach—estimated at 60 percent of all Bangladeshi households—microfinance assets remain less than 2 percent of GDP, having increased only marginally relative to GDP since 2001.The total loan portfolio of the microfinance sector is estimated to exceed BDT 135 billion and total borrowers, to exceed 30 million. Although it is difficult to estimate the unique number of microfinance borrowers, taking into account their cross-indebtedness to different microfinance providers, they likely number 18 million. It is estimated that just over 60 percent of them have income below the poverty line. The Micro credit Regulatory Authority Act of 2006 limits two important potential MFI funding sources: equity investments and deposits.Foreign currency financing is also effectively prohibited. MFIs in general have access funding for most MFIs. These sources seem adequate to cover current funding needs. 1. 4- Economy of Bangladesh Bangladesh is an agriculture driven economy. Total of 54% of the population of the nation is directly and indirectly involved in farming and lives in rural areas (World Bank, 2011). Due to soil fertility and ample supply of water, having the blessing of thousands of rivers and its branches zigzagging nationwide.Bangladesh can harvest three crops every year. Apart from the fact that cyclones and floods damage crops every year, the production of crops meets substantial local consumption demand but are not grown sufficiently enough for export purposes. Where both men and women are engaged in generating foreign revenue and contributing to the GDP. The third sector which contributes greatly to the economy of t he nation is the export of manpower which brings remittances by Bangladeshi workers working abroad, such as in Middle-East Singapore, Malaysia, etc.Due to cultural and religious norms, women previously stayed within the compound of their houses and were liable to take care of the house-hold activities, whereas men were regarded as the only earner and head of the family. CIA World Fact-Book, published in 2010, economy structure of Bangladesh is as follows:- GDP(PPP) $259. 30 Billion GDP Growth 6. 00% GDP(Per Capita) $1,700 Public Debt / National Budget 39. 30% / $11. 43 Billion Inflation Rate 8. 10% Exports $16. 24 Billion Imports $21. 34 Billion External Debts $24. 6 Billion Table-1 Economics Of Bangladesh (Source: CIA World Factbook,2010) Released beat-up report of World Bank, in 2007, estimated Bangladesh of becoming a Middle income country. It has been suggested, to reach the goal, Bangladesh should emphasize to deepen its industrial base, integrate more into global markets and p rioritize urban economic development. The country has large reserves of natural gas, petroleum deposits and low-grade coal. All these minerals are rare and demanding in the global market, specially for industrial and Energy-generation purposes.Cheap labor-force advantages make the local manufactured Products highly competitive in global markets through FDI, introduced and encouraged Firstly by the government formed in 1991. The major source of foreign earnings is being Transacted from garments and textiles export and remittances sent home by Bangladeshi workers living abroad. 1. 5-Objectives of the term paper The broad objective of the study is to examine the reforms that took place in Bangladesh and to explore the financial implications of the reforms.Followings are the specific objectives of the study:  · To review the economic sector reform programs;  · To compare the financial performance of the economic system in Bangladesh before and after implementation of the economic se ctor reforms;  · To identify different problem areas of the economic sector of Bangladesh, which still needed careful restructuring for better performance; and  · To suggest some policy measures for strengthening the restructuring mechanism. Chapter- 2 Conceptual issues 2. 1 The garment industry of BangladeshThe garment industry has played a pioneering role in the development of industrial sector of Bangladesh. Though it took a rather late start i. e. , in 1976 but it soon established its reputation in the world market within a short span of time. Resultantly garment is now one of the main export items of the country. Besides, enriching the country's economy it has played a very important role in alleviating unemployment. At present there are more than two thousand one hundred garment factories in the country employing more than 12 lack labors. 85 percent of the labor force is women. . 2 Agriculture Most Bangladeshis earn their living from agriculture. Although rice and jute are the primary crops, maize and vegetables are assuming greater importance. Tea is grown in the northeast. Because of Bangladesh's fertile soil and normally ample water supply, rice can be grown and harvested three times a year in many areas. Population pressure continues to place a severe burden on productive capacity, creating a food deficit, especially of wheat. Foreign assistance and commercial imports fill the gap, but seasonal hunger remains a problem.Underemployment remains a serious problem, and a growing concern for Bangladesh's agricultural sector will be its ability to absorb additional manpower. Finding alternative sources of employment will continue to be a daunting problem Most Bangladeshis earn their living from agriculture. Although rice and jute are the primary crops, maize and vegetables are assuming greater importance. Tea is grown in the northeast. Because of Bangladesh's fertile soil and normally ample water supply, rice can be grown and harvested three times a ye ar in many areas.Due to a number of factors, These include better flood control and irrigation, a generally more efficient use of fertilizers, and the establishment of better distribution and rural credit networks. Population pressure continues to place a severe burden on productive capacity, creating a food deficit, especially of wheat. Foreign assistance and commercial imports fill the gap, but seasonal hunger remains a problem. Underemployment remains a serious problem, and a growing concern for Bangladesh's agricultural sector will be its ability to absorb additional manpower. [pic] Map showing the growing areas of major agricultural products.Main article: Agriculture of Bangladesh 2. 3 Textile sector Bangladesh's textile industry, which includes knitwear and ready-made garments along with specialized textile products, is the nation's number onexport earner, accounting for 80% of Bangladesh's exports of $15. 56 billion in 2009. Bangladesh is 2nd in world textile exports, and Chi na which exported $120. 1 billion worth of textiles in 2009. The industry employs nearly 3. 5 million workers. Current exports have doubled since 2004. Wages in Bangladesh's textile industry were the lowest in the world as of 2010. [pic]The country was considered the most formidable rival to China where wages were rapidly rising and currency was appreciating. As of 2011 wages remained low for the 3 million people employed in the industry, but labor unrest was increasing despite vigorous government action to enforce labor peace. Owners of textile firms and their political allies were a powerful political influence in Bangladesh. 2. 4 Manufacturing and industry Many new jobs – mostly for women – have been created by the country's dynamic private ready-made garment industry. Eastern Bengal was known for its fine muslin and silk fabric before the British period.The dyes, yarn, and cloth were the envy of much of the pre-modern world. Bengali muslin, silk, and brocade were w orn by the aristocracy of Asia and Europe. The introduction of machine-made textiles from England in the late eighteenth century spelled doom for the costly and time-consuming hand loom process. Cotton growing died out in East Bengal, and the textile industry became dependent on imported yarn. Those who had earned their living in the textile industry were forced to rely more completely on farming. Only the smallest vestiges of a once-thriving cottage industry survived. 2. 5 Banking & Finance The banking system dominates the financial sector accounting for about 97% of the market in terms of assets. * Government has undertaken major reform initiatives to improve the regulatory and legal environments for banks. * Several specialist development financial institutions have been providing long-term debt, equity financing and leasing. [pic] 2. 6- Statistical Position of Economy in Bangladesh |The Economy in 2009-2010 | |Currency | Taka (Tk. | |GDP at current price | Tk. 6,149,432 millio n | |Annual per Capita GDP | Tk. 42,638 | |GDP growth rate at constant price | 5. 88 percent | |Industrial growth rate at constant price | 8. 05 percent | |Inflation rate | 5. 4 percent | |Investment rate | 25. 6 percent of GDP | |National savings rate | 30 percent of GDP | |Exports (US$) | US$ 12,816. 11 million | |Foreign Reserve | US$ 6,562. 0 million (up to May 2008-2009 financial year) | | | |Import and Export | |Principal Industries |Jute, tea, textiles, garments, paper, newsprint, fertilizer, leather and | | |leather gods, sugar, cement, fish processing, pharmaceuticals, chemical | | |industries, etc. |Traditional Export Items |Raw jute, jute manufactures (hessian sacking, carpet backing, carpets), jute | | |products, tea, leather, leather products etc. | |Non-traditional Export Items |Garments, frozen shrimps, other fish products, newsprint, paper, naphtha, | | |furnace oil, urea, ceramic products, light engineering items etc. |Principal Imports |Wheat, oil, seeds, crude pe troleum, raw cotton, edible oil, petroleum products,| | |fertilizer, cement, staple fibers, Raw Cotton, iron & steel, capital goods, | | |pharmaceuticals raw materials etc. | Chapter-3 Database 3. 1- Economic Transformation The Bangladeshi economy has shown great resilience in the face of the recent global economic crisis and recession and has continued to grow at a healthy rate. Since 1996, the economy has grown 5% – 6% per year.Political instability, poor infrastructure, corruption, insufficient power supplies, and slow implementation of economic reforms have not slowed down growth. Economists agree that the country has the potential to achieve a higher growth rate if these roadblocks are adequately addressed. More than half of GDP is generated through the service sector, but nearly two-thirds of Bangladeshis are employed in the agriculture sector. The share of agriculture in the labor force is 45%, in industry 30% and in services 25%. The share of the service sector in GDP is 52. 6% while industry’s share is 28. % and agriculture’s 18. 7%. In 2009, garment exports, totaling $12. 3 billion and remittances from overseas Bangladeshis totaling $9. 7 billion accounted for almost 25% of GDP. The country was not completely immune from the global economic downturn; the principal adverse effect of the recession was a reduction in export revenue in 2009. It came on the back of a very high growth of 23% in 2008. However, overall exports declined by only 2. 0%. Despite recent high growth rates, socioeconomic development is still not favorable for the majority of the population. 3. -Economic performance Bangladeshis have access to a water point. However, due to the discovery of arsenic in the ground water, only 76% of these can now be considered safe. In 2006, the Joint Monitoring Program by WHO and UNICEF reported that 51% of urban areas had improved sanitation facilities and only 7% of urban areas had sewerage connection. In addition, only 32% of the rural population was using improved sanitation in 2006. Female economic activity accounts for 52. 7% of the economy, but females earn less than half the income of their male counterparts.The number of poor women is higher than their male counterparts and the extremely poor is largely women, while there is a higher proportion of a female-headed household than male-headed ones among the ultra-poor. However, the country has made significant progress in achieving gender parity in primary and secondary education. Rural areas still lack basic health care facilities and educational institutions. The number of health care facilities in rural areas has not grown as quickly as the number of education institutions, thanks to the NGOs working in the education sector.Child underweight rates have hovered at about 46% since 2000. The total number of undernourished people in Bangladesh is approximately 41 million. Overall, according to the 2010 data, the HDI for Bangladesh was 0. 469 with a ran k of 129 out of 168 countries. The 2005 data shows that the Gini index is 31. 0. |Economic indicators | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 |2010 | | | GDP | $ mm | 68415. 4 | 79554. 4 | 89359. 8 |100357. 0 | | | GDP growth | % | 6. | 6. 2 | 5. 7 |6. 1 | | | Inflation (CPI) | % | 9. 1 | 8. 9 | 5. 4 |8. 1 | | | Unemployment | % | – | – | – |- | | | Foreign direct | % of GDP | 1. 0 | 1. 3 | 0. 8 |1. 0 | | |investment | | | | | | | | Export growth | % | 13. | 7. 0 | 0. 0 |0. 9 | | | Import growth | % | 16. 0 | -2. 1 | -2. 6 |0. 7 | | | Current account | $ mm | 856. 9 | 926. 2 | 3556. 1 |2502. 4 | | |bance | | | | | | | Chapter 4 Finding of The Study 4. 1 GARMENT AND TEXTILES :The garments and textiles industry sector is the biggest export earner sector of Bangladesh with value of over US$12. 347 billion of exports in 2008-2009. Our factories design and produce for the world’s leading brands and retailers, like: Reebok, GAP, Wal-Mart, Hudson Bay, Puma, etc. This rapidly growi ng sector of the Bangladeshi economy offers a unique competitive edge that supports profitable expansion into new strategic markets. |Year |No. of garment |Employment (in |Export of RMG |Total export of |% of RMG to total | | |factories million workers) |(in million US$)|Bangladesh (in million|export | | | | | |US$) | | |2005-06 |4,220 |2. 2 |7,900. 80 |10,526. 16 |75. 08 | |2006-07 |4,490 |2. 4 |9,211. 23 |12,177. 86 |75. 64 | |2007-08 |4,743 |2. 8 |10,699. 80 |14,110. 80 |75. 83 | |2008-09 |4,825 |3. 1 |12,347. 7 |15,565. 19 |79. 33 | Source:  Bangladesh Garment Manufacturers and Exporters Association (BGMEA) Industry Background and Status The phenomenal growth in RMG was experienced in the last decade. In 1984-85, no of Garment factories was 800 RMG jointly with knitwear accounted for more than 70% of total investments in the manufacturing sector during the first half of the 1990’s. At present with about 4,000 factories and a workforce of two million, 80% of which are wo men, employing over 50% of the industrial workforce and having 75% of the total exports earning of the country.Exhibit 6. 1 shows the growth of RMG exports from Bangladesh since 1981-82. Main apparel items exported from Bangladesh (in million US$) |Year |Shirt |Trouser |Jacket |T-shirt |Sweater | |2005-06 |1,056. 69 |2,165. 25 |389. 52 |1,781. 51 |1,044. 01 | |2006-07 |943. 44 |2,201. 32 |1,005. 06 |2,208. 90 |1,248. 09 | |2007-08 |915. 6 |2,512. 74 |1,181. 52 |2,765. 56 |1,474. 09 | |2008-09 |1000. 16 |3,007. 29 |1,299. 74 |3,065. 86 |1,858. 2 | Source:  Bangladesh Garment Manufacturers and Exporters Association (BGMEA) Industry Outlook Multi-Fiber Agreement (MFA) and Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) of the EU are the main factors behind acquainting Bangladesh RMG products to global market ensuring assured market access. Bangladesh is now a significant RMG supplier to North America and Europe. Due to phasing out of MFA, many are doubtful about Bangladesh’s ability t o maintain the fast growth of the recent years in this sector but Bangladesh has taken a better position in the U. S. A market through competition.However, on a more positive note, Bangladesh is expected to maintain its tariff-free access to EU under the European GSP, since the GSP is not covered by the Uruguay Round Agreement. Recently, Canada has also provided tariff-free access of all the items from Bangladesh. Marketing network has been spread over the economies of the continents. End users could well recognize and differentiate the products confidently. Bangladesh RMG industry largely depends on the imported yarns and fabrics. Bangladesh produces only 10% of export-quality cloth used by the garments industry.The need for establishment of backward-linkage industry has become an immediate concern to the government and the exporters. There are enormous opportunities in setting up composite textiles industry combining textile, yarn and garments. Investment Opportunities and governm ent support RMG and textile sectors have enormous investment opportunities. The government of Bangladesh has created a highly favorable policy framework for investment in these sectors offering investors the following choices: 1)    Establishment of new textile / RMG mill in the private sector. 2)  Ã‚   Joint ventures with the existing textile / RMG mill. )  Ã‚   Acquisition of public sector textile mills that are being privatized. 4)  Ã‚   Indirect investment through financial services and / or leasing. To meet up the local demands, backward linkage is a significant trading opportunity and is supported by a government backed incentive: 15% cash subsidy of the fabric cost to exporters sourcing fabrics locally. * SPINNING : Value Addition to the Fibrous Substances Spinning is the first step in textile value chain that adds value to the fibrous substances by converting them into yarn or thread through the processes of drawing, twisting and winding (Exhibit 1).Characteristics o f the yarn vary based on the materials used, fiber length and alignment, quantity of fiber used and degree of twist. The earliest spinning probably involved simply twisting the fibers in the hand. Later, the use of a stick to help twist the fiber was introduced. Drop spinning involves the use of a stick with a whorl or weight to stabilize the spinning of the stick (called a spindle). The spindle is spun, and hangs supported by the yarn as more fiber is introduced. This introduced fiber picks up the twist and becomes yarn. However, the development of spinning wheel allowed a continuous and faster yarn production.Spinning wheels are either foot or hand powered. Modern powered spinning, originally done by water or steam power but now done by electricity, is vastly faster than hand spinning. Materials that can be used to create yarn fall into three broad classes: plant, animal, and synthetic. 1)    Plant materials: cotton, flax (to produce linen), hemp, raffia, yucca, coconut husk, 2)    Animal materials: wool, goat (angora or Cashmere goat), rabbit (angora), llama, alpaca, dog, camel, silk, 3)    Synthetic materials: polyester, nylon, rayon, acetate, Mylar†¦ 4)  Ã‚   Apart from the above, mineral materials like asbestos are also used, but not very often. Spinning Industry in Bangladesh Development of spinning industry in Bangladesh is closely associated with the development of Textile and Clothing (T&C) sector as a whole. Power-driven modern textiles in Bengal were traced back to early twentieth century. Before 1947, modern textiles were only the composite textile mills having spinning and weaving facilities. Later, activities like specialized textile weaving, knitting and hosiery and dyeing-printing-finishing were added.During 1947, there were about 11 composite textile mills in Bangladesh (then East Pakistan) with 1. 1 million spindles and 2. 7 thousand looms. Spindles grew to 3. 2 million in 1956 but declined to 0. 8 million in 1972 as worn-out ob solete spindles went out of operation. In 1972, large-scale manufacturing units including textile mills were nationalized. After 1982, state-owned spinning mills were gradually denationalized. By 1999, spindles installed were 2. 8 million (2. 4 million in the private sector and 0. 4 million in the public sector) with an annual production capacity of 200 million kg.BOI sector Survey found that in 2004, about 3. 44 million spindles are producing 382 million kg of yarn for the textile industry (Exhibit 2). [pic] Challenges of and Supports to the Spinners The success of a robust textile sector largely depends upon an improved and reliable spinning sub-sector. If spinning sub-sector produces substandard / inferior yarn, its adverse effect persists right across the entire value chain. Availability of raw materials, transportation, port facilities and tariff rationalization are the key challenges to the spinners.The Government has been supporting the spinners providing lower tariff for mac hinery spares and raw materials, cash incentives, reduced tax rate, and low-cost funding etc. Investment Outlook Textile & Clothing is the largest manufacturing sector of Bangladesh providing over 4 million jobs, accounting for 5% of GDP, 40% of manufacturing value addition and 75% of total foreign exchange earnings. The growing demands for yarn in the local market, comparatively low cost of doing business, lucrative incentive package, favorable investment policy regime etc are the main reasons for investment in this sustainable sector.Spinning could be chosen. 4. 3 FROZEN FOODS The frozen foods export is the second largest export sector of the country. After some initial difficulties in terms of quality achievement, exporters have earned credibility and trustworthiness in the global market. Assurance of reliable and continued product quality is a major challenge in this sector. Technology orientation, marketing perceptions, and quality improvement aspects invite foreign investment in this sector. The current challenges of international trading are largely dictated by price, quality, time and service.Industry Situation Exporters have earned credibility and trustworthiness in the global market and are committed to maintaining a competitive advantage in product quality. Continuing investment in technology, marketing and quality remain at the forefront of the industries' strategy to meet the challenges of international trade in price, quality, time and service. Industry Outlook Frozen food sub-sector has credible opportunities in Middle East, EU and North American countries and Far Eastern countries. In 2004-05, total fish production was 2. 216 million metric tons of which 8. 2 metric . tons were shrimp. At present, there are 868 fish hatcheries and farm of which 218,000 hectors of shrimp farm. This export-oriented industry includes the following sub-sectors, which need proper attention for augmentation of production, attain international standard quality and exp ort earnings. 1)  Ã‚   Hatcheries,   Sustainable aqua-culture technology. 2)  Ã‚   Feed-meals plants, Processing unit for value-added products. 3)  Ã‚   Investment in frozen food sector with new technology and equipment has a vast potential for growth. * LEATHER Industry SituationBangladesh leather industry is dominated substantially by the domestic investment which is mostly export-oriented. The leather includes some ready-made garments, although that aspect is continued mainly to a small export-trade in â€Å"Italian-make† garments for the US market. Footwear is more important in terms of value addition. This is the fast growing sector for leather products. Presently Bangladesh produces between 2 and 3 percent of the world’s leather market. Most of the livestock base for this production is domestic which is estimated as comprising 1. 8 percent of the world’s cattle stock and 3. percent of the goat stock. The hides andskins (average annual output is 150 million sq. ft. ) have a good international reputation. Foreign direct investment in this sector along with the production of tanning chemicals appears to be highly rewarding. Having the basic raw materials for leather goods as well as for the production of leather shoe, a large pool of low cost but trainable labor force together with tariff concession facility to major importing countries under GSP coverage, Bangladesh can be a potential off shore location for leather and leather products manufacturing with low cost but high quality.In 2004-05 total export of leather goods was 220. 93 million US$ on the other hand it is 257. 27 million US$ during 2005-06 FY. Industry Outlook Provision of newly announced infrastructural facilities through establishment of an integrated Leather Park and simultaneously, growth in the global demand, opportunities for investing in and setting up export-oriented leather industry in Bangladesh is definitely attractive. Foreign investors are welcome to ca pitalize on this opportunity. 4. 5 ELECTRONICS Industry Background The electronics industry in Bangladesh mostly produces consumer items.Home appliances like television, radio, VCD and CD players, refrigerator, air conditioners, oven, electronic fan, blenders etc. are being assembled to a large extent. To ensure the performance reliability, the key challenges in this sector are technical assistance and proper technology orientation of the industry. Developing the significant capacity and skill in assembly and manufacture of a wide range of electronic components and parts is curacies. As yet, Bangladesh does not have any telecommunication equipment industry in the private sector.However, an urgent need for diversification and modernization is felt among the existing entrepreneurs, government and professionals. Government is keen to provide and ensure enabling assistance to the development of this sector. Industry Outlook and Opportunities Skilled, easily trainable and low-cost human resources are the main cost advantage of setting up electronic industry in Bangladesh. Growing domestic demand and international market access are some key attractive issues to the investors. In the economies like Malaysia, Singapore, Korea and Thailand, electronics contribute a major portion in the GDP.They are encouraging electronic industry to shift from low-end assembly operations with high import content of inputs to upstream higher- value-added activities. In this context, relocation, outward investment and joint venture with Bangladeshi companies could be gainful strategies. To capitalize on the comparative advantages, substantial foreign investment from those countries is highly encouraged. * AGRICULTURE Sector Highlights Bangladesh has a tropical climate, a lot of fresh water, indeed a land interspersed with numerous rivers, fertile soil and possibility to cultivate crops round the year.So it is unique to supply raw materials for the agro-based industry. The abundance of na tural resources available in Bangladesh supports a range of highly profitable investment opportunities in agribusiness. Over 90 varieties of vegetable are grown in Bangladesh, yet in this fertile land there is underutilization of the country’s agricultural capacity. This presents many opportunities for investors seeking to export agricultural products, or to meet the rapidly growing local demand. Thriving in this sector are  canned juices,  fruits, vegetables,  dairy and poultry.The country offers: 1)  Ã‚   Huge supply of raw materials exists for the agribusiness industry. 2)  Ã‚   A tropical climate for all year growing, a lot of fresh water, indeed a land interspersed with numerous rivers, available land with fertile soil. 3)  Ã‚   Government and NGOs have been conducting regular training programs to develop skilled manpower for agro-based industry. 4)  Ã‚   Wide range of biodiversity exists for different crops. 5)  Ã‚   Agricultural commodities have a compa ratively higher value added than non-agricultural commodities.Investment opportunities There is a wide variety of investment opportunities including: *  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cold storage facilities serving the supply chain, especially fresh produce for export. *  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Fresh produce production for local and export markets. *  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Production of fertilizers and cultivation of seeds. *  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Eco-friendly jute production, supported by jute technology development institutes. *  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Shrimp farming, Halal  foods, Milk and dairy products. *  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   High value-added foods for export, including herbs, spices, nuts and pulses.Industry Incentives The government encourages development of the agricultural sector through measures to increase crop sector productivity and production of non-crop agriculture. To achieve this, the government provides increased credit, and facilitates greater access to inputs and modern technology. Sector Background Being an agrarian economy, agriculture has dominated in the economy for years. It has fulfilled the preconditions of access to input and raw materials in setting up successful agro-based industries.Alluvial soil, a year-round frost-free environment, adequate water supply and abundance of cheap labor are available in Bangladesh. Increased cultivation of vegetables, spices and tropical fruits now grown in Bangladesh could supply raw materials to local agro-processing industries for both domestic and export markets. In 2005-06, Export of agricultural products accounted for about 1% of total export amounting US$ 76. 24 million. Industry Outlook To avail the competitive and comparative advantages, Bangladesh invites progressive agricultural-practices, improved marketing technique and modern processing facilities.The government emphasizes development of the agricultural sector through appropriate measures to increase crop sector productivity and production of non-crop agriculture by providing incr eased credit, and facilitating greater access to inputs and modern technology. Investment interests in setting up agro-based industries in Bangladesh are highly encouraged. To promote agro-based industries and attract investment in this sector, Board of Investment organized Agri-Invest 2003 Bangladesh in December 2003.This first ever exposition created huge interest among the foreign and local investors. 4. 7 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Sector Highlights 1) To investigate the IT industry robustly, deregulation of the telephone has been decided and executed by mid-2003. 2) The extensive growth of mobile telephony resulted in significant opportunities. 3) The industry is at its introductory stage and has opportunity of capitalizing the potential. 4) Bangladesh has a well-educated, skilled, dedicated and growing IT workforce. 5) There is a fast growing domestic market and export demand. ) Strong research assistance from the universities and research institutions are available. Industry Back ground Compared to the neighboring India, Pakistan and other South and South East Asian nations, Bangladesh is lagging behind in IT Sector. But it is true that the sector has vast potentiality to develop. Availability of substantial number of qualified and experienced young people in various branches of engineering, science and technologies have opened up the scope of profitable investment in these sectors.Existing investment in IT sector is mainly small-scale and domestic in nature. Collaboration in the IT sector is mainly based on licensing agreements and representation. A growing number of computer training schools and institutes are being opened. Management of most of the IT firms is professionally strengthened with the Bangladeshis who have studied and worked in both North America and Europe, and returned home. The annual market size for IT including computer hardware, peripherals and software was estimated to be worth approximately US$ 20 million.The market is fast growing at an annual rate of about 25%. The country has over 400,000 PCs Submarine Cable Bangladesh has joined the consortium of SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cable, which starts its commercial activities from 21st may, 2006. This will especially help prosperous data entry and software sectors. The landing station of this cable is situated at Jhelong in Cox’s bazaar. There are 14 countries of this consortium the countries are Singapore, Thailand, UAE, Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, KSA, Egypt, Tunisia, Italy, Algeria and France.It has connected 16 telecommunication organizations of 14 countries. With the direct help from submarine cable Bangladesh can earn more foreign currency by increasing international voice circuit (e. g. submarine cable will give support to establish 100,000 voice circuits. Voice and data communication will be faster. Consortium has created capacity pool, which we can sell also can manage IRV. Broad band service, data transmission, call centre, software export wil l be cheaper. Unemployed youths can easily engage themselves in those services by taking short term training.Bangladesh has right to land 15 landing station without charge. It will help smoother operation of E-commerce, E-governance, E-education, Telemedicine etc. So, there are huge chances of development of ICT sector and finally government will be financially benefited. 4. 8 PHERMACEUTICALS 1)   Pharmaceutical products have huge demand both in local and overseas market. 2)   There are huge demand-supply gap in pharmaceutical products. 3) Bangladesh offers a good number of qualified, skilled pharmacists, bio-chemists, micro-biologists, and chemists for pharmaceutical industries. )   Government offers support for importing raw materials for production. 5) Present Government has taken initiatives to modernize, expand and attract foreign investment in pharmaceutical industries, and for this adopted national medicine policy (revised) 2005, which will help to adapt with the changi ng world under WTO/TRIPS. [pic] Outlook Considering the overall demand, pharmaceuticals is one of the emerging sectors in Bangladesh. Government offers different incentives for importing raw materials pharmaceutical industries. This particular sector has huge potential of growth in the future.For sustainable return, pharmaceutical sector could be a rational choice. Chapter-5 Conclusion 5. 1 Summary of Major Findings The economic sector has tremendous impact on socio-economic structure of the country. It also brings economic prosperity for the any country. We believe that there must be a saturation point for any industry. But for our economic sector, still we are away from it. The economy is likely to grow at a similar pace as experienced over the last ten years — of around 6. 2 percent — in fiscal 2009-10, despite the continued global economic slowdown, Bangladesh Bank said . Most indicators in the first quarter of fiscal 2009-10 point to a more moderate level of econo mic expansion,† the BB said in its latest quarterly review. The BB projection means that the growth is likely to fall short of the government's original target of 7. 2 percent GDP growth for the current fiscal year. â€Å"Bangladesh Bank will produce forecasts for economic growth on a regular basis, in line with the common practice in other central banks across the world â€Å"The significant remittance growth is likely to have positive consequences for both domestic consumption and investment .The third development centres around the healthy growth in private sector credit, which during the first quarter this year grew by 19. 9 percent against a target of 18. 4 percent. This suggests that the credit envelope will â€Å"not be a constraint towards achieving the overall economic growth targets†. Gross domestic agricultural production is expected to be 2. 2 percent higher than that of the previous year, of 65. 6 million tones, on the back of government incentives and hi gher agricultural credit disbursement. The industrial sector is projected to grow between 7. percent and 7. 75 percent in fiscal 2009-10, down from the 9. 47 percent seen last fiscal year, but in line with the average industry sector growth rate over the last ten years Economic growth was also steady in the outgoing year despite some clouds over export earning. The GDP (gross domestic product) growth was 6. 32 percent in FY 2009-10, which was marginally lower than the 6. 71 percent of the previous FY 2008-09, but higher than many other neighboring countries. The GDP for the current FY 2010-11 has been targeted at 7. 2 percent. 5. 2 Economic Performance A steady average annual GDP growth of 5% over the last decade. * Inflation has been kept in single-digit. * Exports have been gradually shifted from traditional goods to more value added items. * Emphasis has been put on manufacturing of backward linkage of Readymade Garments, Pharmaceuticals Industries and IT sector. * The private se ctor is playing an increasingly active role in the economic life of the country, while the public sector concentrates more on the physical, social infrastructure and policy making. 5. 3 Policy RecommendationThe restructuring measures taken so far are definitely not sufficient considering the gravity of the situation. Based on the above discussion the following steps may need to be taken as reform or restructuring measures to speed up the progress  · The problem of excess liquid asset of the banks should be handled with due attention. In order to utilize the excess liquidity  · A number of measures were taken to strengthen the legal framework. However, in order to attain the benefit of improved legal framework, enforcement of legislations should be ensured.Legal procedures should be uncomplicated and disposal of case should be speedier.  · Government interference, political involvement, pressure from the trade unions has to be reduced for the smooth function.  · For developin g the asset utilization ratio, portfolio of asset structure should be rearranged by removing the non-earning assets or transforming the non-earning assets into earning one.  · Technological up-gradation of the banking system is needed equipped with state-of-the-art infrastructure and logistics. Lastly, the problem of Bangladesh financial system is widespread and not related to banking system only. Therefore the scope of the reform measures should also be applied to the non-bank financial institutions. Reference list * Released beat-up report of World Bank, in 2007, estimated Bangladesh. * Bangladesh Garment Manufacturers and Exporters Association (BGMEA) * Bangladesh Export statistics 2009-10, Dhaka, Bangladesh. * A report of Garments published in the magazine, April 2008. * Economic Review – 2010 * Review of Bangladesh Development – 2009 * A report of economics published in the magazine, April 2011